Causes of Infertility

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue (the normal lining of the uterus) outside the uterine cavity. An estimated three to five million American women of reproductive age suffer from endometriosis, which is found in five percent of fertile women, compared to 20 to 30 percent of women with infertility.

While many women with endometriosis complain of painful periods (dysmenorrhea), pain with intercourse (dyspareunia) and premenstrual spotting, many have no symptoms.

Approximately 15 percent of women have moderate or severe endometriosis, which can be detected by pelvic examination and/or ultrasound. In these cases, pelvic adhesions are frequently found, making it difficult for eggs to travel down the fallopian tubes. 

Lesser amounts of endometriosis can also interfere with conception. A landmark article published by Dr. Castelbaum and colleagues (Clin Endocrinol Metab.1994 Aug; 79(2):643-9) showed that women with minimal or mild endometriosis have diminished uterine receptivity, making it more difficult for an embryo to attach to the uterine lining. Some women will benefit from laparoscopy to diagnose and treat endometriosis, if present.

Other Causes of Infertility:

• Ovulation Disorders
• Tubal Disease
• Diminished Ovarian Reserve
• Fibroids
• Uterine Receptivity
• Male Factor
• Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

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